Electrophysiology:
Whole-cell patch clamping in mammalian cells
Excised inside-out patch clamp in Xenopus oocytes
Two-electrode voltage clamp in Xenopus oocytes
Extracellular recordings on skin nerve preparation
Planar lipid bilayers
Fluorescence
Calcium imaging, dual excitation with fura-2
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)
Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRF)
Confocal Microscopy
Molecular Biology
Transfection of mammalian cells
Mutation of cDNA to study recombinant ion channels
RNA preparation and injection into Xenopus oocytes to study recombinant ion channels
Real-time PCR
Using genetically modified mice
Cell preparations
Primary sensory neurons from dorsal root ganglia
Cultured mammalian cells to study recombinant ion channels
Animal behavior
Aceton evaporation test
Hargreaves test
Von Frey mechanical test
Hind paw injection nocifensive test